Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and attention deficit disorder (ADD) are often used interchangeably. However, they refer to different conditions with distinct symptoms and diagnostic criteria. Understanding the nuances between these terms is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

ADD was the original term used to describe individuals with difficulties in attention and focus. Later, the term ADHD was coined to encompass individuals who also exhibited hyperactive and impulsive behaviors.

While both conditions involve issues with attention and concentration, ADHD is characterized by symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity. Individuals with ADD may struggle to maintain focus, but do not necessarily exhibit excessive physical movement or impulsive actions. This distinction is essential for tailoring treatment plans and accommodations to meet the specific needs of each individual.

Originally (DSM-III)

The terms ADD and ADHD emerged from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)—a handbook used to help diagnose mental health conditions. In the DSM-III, published in 1980, "Attention Deficit Disorder" (ADD) first appeared. ADD describes individuals who primarily exhibit inattentive behavior without significant hyperactive or impulsive symptoms. This contrasted with the later diagnosis of "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity" for those who displayed both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors.

This distinction underscored the emerging understanding that some people experienced attention issues without the characteristic hyperactivity often associated with the condition. The roots of the ADD/ADHD distinction traced back to this pivotal development in the DSM-III.

Currently (DSM-5)

In the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the term "ADD" is no longer used. Instead, all presentations are now categorized under the broad diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Three Subtypes Defined

The DSM-5 outlines three distinct subtypes of ADHD, each reflecting a different combination of symptoms:

Predominantly Inattentive Presentation

Characterized by difficulty sustaining attention, being easily distracted, and struggling with organization.
Closely aligns with the previous concept of ADD.

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation

Primary challenges involve excessive restlessness, fidgeting, and impulsive behavior.
Hyperactivity and impulsivity are the most prominent symptoms.

Combined Presentation

Individuals exhibit a combination of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.
Both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are significant issues.

Why the Change?

The move to group ADD and ADHD under one umbrella term—ADHD reflects an evolution in the medical community's understanding of these conditions. Consolidating ADD and ADHD into just ADHD streamlines the diagnostic process. Rather than having separate criteria for each, healthcare providers can now evaluate all patients using the same guidelines focused on symptoms like inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (in some cases).

Using one term also reduces public confusion over the differences between ADD and ADHD. Many struggled to understand the nuances separating the two conditions. ADHD encompasses all presentations under a clearer, more intuitive name. This shift aligns with a growing view of ADHD as a spectrum disorder. Just as autism encompasses a wide range of traits and severities, ADHD can manifest with varying degrees of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity from person to person.

Today

Current Diagnostic Criteria

Under the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), ADD is no longer used as an official diagnosis. The term "ADHD" now encompasses what was previously known as ADD or ADHD.

Reclassifying Previous Diagnoses

If you were diagnosed with ADD before the release of the DSM-5 in 2013, your diagnosis would likely be re-evaluated and reclassified as one of the ADHD subtypes, most commonly Predominantly Inattentive Presentation. However, this reclassification depends on your symptoms and medical history. The core change is that ADHD is now viewed as a single condition with different presentations, rather than two separate disorders (ADD vs ADHD).

While ADD and ADHD are often used interchangeably, there are critical differences between the two conditions. Many people continue to use ADD instead of the medically accurate term ADHD. Want to learn more about how understanding your ADHD can help with your conflict resolution skills? Book an appointment with us today.